ABSTRACTDespite the worldwide increase of rhinoceros calf numbers, the growth of the population ofwhite and black rhinoceros is slowing down mainly due to anthropogenic causes, such as poachingand habitat loss. Assisted reproduction is one of the methods of preserving the valuable genomesof these animals from being lost, and assists in breeding them in captivity to maintain the specie(s)numbers and provide an option for possible reintroduction into the wild. Since wild rhinocerosare difficult to handle and examine clinically, most of the current information available on theirreproductive characteristics has been gained from captive rhinoceros populations. Nevertheless,very little is known about rhinoceros reproduction. Since the rhinoceros belongs to the odd-toedungulates (Perissodactyls) group, like the horse and the tapir, the horse has been proposed as asuitable model to study reproduction and artificial reproductive techniques in the rhinoceros. Inthis review, the current knowledge of the reproduction of the rhinoceros is summarized.